JohnnieDarko wrote:The capture of stalingrad were a pure egomanical decision, they could have went straight to the caucasus and simply maintaining the front and secure the oil fields, instead they split and opened up a larger front that they could not maintain, that's why they ended up losing up the Russian front.
I'm sorry, and I appreciate that you're arguing in good faith, but I think this is a ridiculous assessment. The attack on Stalingrad was nothing to do with ego, Hitler didn't even intend to enter the city if it could be helped.
The strategic and operational planning, which decisively influenced the course of the campaign during summer and autumn, was based on a discussion held at Fuhrer headquarters on 28 March and finally on Directive No. 41 of 5 April 1942. The overall objective, namely ‘to finally destroy the remaining Soviet armed forces and as far as possible to deprive them of their most important sources of economic power’, clearly and logically required the destruction of the opposing enemy forces in the south as the sine qua non for the success of the campaign. The advance of the German armies by sectors in three phases, the intermediate objective of which was to gain the land bridge between the Don and Volga rivers and Stalingrad, also demonstrates that the German command was well aware of the precarious conditions upon which the success of the summer offensive depended. Furthermore, there was no intention expressed to take Stalingrad, but only to paralyze the vital arms production and supply centre. The advance towards the Caucasus was only to be undertaken after the intermediate objectives had been attained and a secure position along the River Don built up to protect the flank. The Caucasus was clearly defined as the primary objective of the campaign.
Heinz Magenheimer, Hitler's War: German Military Strategy 1940-1945 (London: Arms & Armour, 1998), p. 140. cf. Stephen G. Fritz, The First Soldier: Hitler as Military Leader (Yale University Press, 2018), p. 242.
And:
The Wehrmacht was to crush the Soviet Union and cut her off from her principal industrial centres. Sebastopol, which had been under siege since late October 1941, was finally to be taken. Then, Russian forces were to be destroyed west of the Don. After that, the main motorized and armoured forces would wheel south to break into the Caucasus and seize the passes and the oil-fields there; their flanks were to be secured through the capture of Voronezh and Stalingrad to the north and east. Only once this had been done should the Wehrmacht proceed to the next objective, which was the final strangulation of Leningrad and a link-up with the Finns nearby.
The centrality of the economic objectives was emphasized by Hitler on many occasions. ‘If I don’t get the oil of Maykop and Grozny,’ he warned the commander of the 6th Army, Friedrich Paulus, ‘then I must end this war.’ Contrary to later legend, Operation Blue did not envisage three diverging axes of advance towards Voronezh, Stalingrad and the Caucasus. The two cities were merely to be secured in order to defend the northern flank of the operation. Hitler did not even insist on the capture of Stalingrad, saying only that it should ‘at least be subjected to heavy artillery fire in order to knock it out as an armaments and communications centre’; no mention was made of any symbolic or political importance attached to the city. The main thrust was to be directed south, towards the oil-fields. It was a war for oil.
Brendan Simms, Hitler: Only the World was Enough (London: Allen Lane, 2019), p. 459.
Frederich Lenz wrote a wonderful book about Stalingrad, demolishing the myths, entitled 'Stalingrand: Der der „verlorene" Sieg'. A review from the monthly issue of Nation Europa summarizes this book as follows:
STALINGRAD was the outwardly blatant turning point of the Eastern campaign. We have asked the author of the book 'Stalingrad', Friedrich Lenz, to record in a few short sentences the reasons to which he attributes the defeat. Mr. Lenz is an autodidact; but even the military expert will have to admit that his idiosyncratic opinion is based on very thorough studies and is in any case worthy of examination and consideration. Mr. Lenz's opinion on the question: .Why was Stalingrad lost?' is:(1) Because not only the contents of Hitler's instruction of November 11, 1941, from which the intention of an offensive in the spring of 1942 in the direction of the Caucasus had been betrayed to the Russians by the Red Chapel, but also the contents of the instruction of April 5, 1942, with all its operational details.
(2) Because the date of attack for this offensive had to be postponed by five weeks, since the Russians - prompted by agent reports - undertook an offensive under Timosdienko on 12 May 1942 in the sack of Isjium remaining from their January offensive, in order to smash our troop deployments in the Kharkov area. It had become known to them that Hitler intended to eliminate this sack at the beginning of the offensive. The great German victory then achieved by the destruction of Timoshenko's army had to be paid for too dearly with the aforementioned postponement of our offensive.
(3) Because on June 18, 1942, that is, ten days before the start of the offensive, the general staff officer of a division who was flying over the Russian front in violation of orders was shot down, so that the exact documents on how our attack was to be conducted to the east and southeast fell into enemy hands.
(4) Because the IV. Panzer Army, which had already come within 35 km of Stalingrad at Krasnoarmeysk on August 20, at first suspended its attack - allegedly because of a lack of petrol - and did not resume it until August 29. Due to the delay, it was not until 29 September that the link-up with the 6th Army, scheduled for the end of August, could be established.
(5) Because the Russians used this delay to build up an extensive system of positions in front of the city and - egged on by their Führer Stalin - prepared to hold the city bearing his name at any cost. They then fought in heroic fashion.
(6) Because, at the end of August 1942, Chief of Staff Halder withdrew part of the 11th Army from the Southern Front and transferred it to the Northern Front near Leningrad, and because troops had to be surrendered to the West.
(7) Because thanks to the following circumstances the Russians succeeded in their great encirclement of November 19:a) The enormous troop concentrations made by the Russians for their attack in the area of Voronezh were not correctly reported by the German defence in their extent, on the other hand inaccurately claimed attack preparations on the central front.
b) The task assigned to Army Group B for weeks by the Supreme Command of building up the Don Front for defence was neglected by the Army Group, although, as the entries in the war diary prove, it was continuously urged from above.
c) A change in the weather - snowstorm with heavy frost - favoured the Russian attack and hindered the German defence.
d) The 48th PzK. under Lieutenant General Heim, which had been positioned behind the Romanian army in case of an offensive, could not fulfil its task of securing the front.
e) The Romanian troops lying at the breach sections failed.(8) Because on 22 November 1942 General von Seydlitz, the commander of the 51st AK, without Paul's knowledge, ordered the evacuation of the fixed positions of the 94th Inf. Div.without it even being attacked. By withdrawing the wing on his own, he allegedly wanted to get the breakthrough to the west rolling. His actions had terrible consequences, because von Seydlitz had also ordered the destruction of all equipment as well as the "supply" and clothing depots.
(9) Because (in the opinion of Field Marshal Paul NE) the Commander-in-Chief of Army Group Don, Field Marshal von Manstein, who had been charged by Hitler with the rescue of the 6th Army, committed the following errors:(a) He delayed the relief attack from 6 to 12 December 1942.
b) He used the forces made available to him for the relief operation on other parts of the front.
c) He did not reach a clear agreement with Paulus on the procedure to be coordinated by both sides for the success of the individual action; in particular, he did not give an order to break out. d) He did not have the attack of Army Group Hollidt from the Chirbrücken Head, which was planned as the second phase, carried out at all in support of the Hoth relief group.
e) On 23 December 1942, he gave the order to stop the relief attack, although the top of the 6th Pz Div. carrying this attack was only 48 km away from the encirclement and had the intention and confidence to extend the liberating hand to the 6th Army on Christmas Eve. The transfer of the 6th Pz.Div. to a crisis site about 120 km away was not necessary because the crisis that had occurred there had already been averted by the time the 6th Pz.Div. arrived there.(10) Because - The author, severely affected by long imprisonment, has put a dash here instead of stating what he considers to be the most serious reason; therefore the editor must step in: .Because in all too many key points there were people to whom the thought of a German victory - which would have strengthened the system they hated - was more unbearable thana) a Red Army triumph,
b) the consequent surrender of hundreds of thousands of defenceless German women and children to their revenge,
c) the destruction of the Reich and the elimination of Europe from world politics, made the war aims of the two greatest enemy powers.' "
Nation Europa, 5/1960, p. 43.
JohnnieDarko wrote:Sorry but that's completely false, and they could have win specially if they didn't invade Russia at that time. Nazi germany made 3 big mistakes, the first one was Italia as a ally, nothing but dead weight, Hitler should had controlled the Italians right way from the start and when he did was too late, second declaring war on the United States and giving Churchill what he wanted, and third the Russian invasion. They could have won the war simply by maintaining the conquered territory and not engaging Russia until the right time cams. They were greedy instead of being patient cause if they took the time to defend the conquered territory and create more armament and not losing entire divisions they would conquered all Europe. They just wanted too much too quickly without enough resources.
As for much information coming from traitors that's also not true, we saw the outcome of these unnecessary battles, it's not rocket science, once you open multiple fronts you're up to defeat period. No nations who fought on multiple fronts won to this day, engaging Russia at that time was a mistake.
I'm sorry Johnnie, but your knowledge appears to be rather antiquated. Which I find rather surprising since you're on this forum. But much of what you write is certainly 'old hat' in historiography today. Just last October Brendan Simms and Charlie Laderman published a book entitled 'Hitler's American Gamble: Pearl Harbor and the German March to Global War' which reassess Hitler's decision to declare war on the USA, and comes to the conclusion that "Hitler's intervention was not the inexplicable decision of a man so bloodthirsty that he forgot all strategy, but a calculated risk that can only be understood in a truly global context." And indeed, the USA was already unofficially at war with Germany prior to Hitler bringing it out into the open. You seem to be making the mistake of assuming that Hitler simply acted without thinking, when in reality he had good reasons for what he did, even if they didn't work out. Just because things do not work out, doesn't mean, based on the limited information you have, that they don't make sense for the time.
Hitler's declaration of war wasn't an aggressive act that disrupted the peace and widened the war, the extent of which had already been decided by Roosevelt who was intent on war with Germany since before the war broke out in 1939. The war was decided, and Hitler knew it.
William Shirer was told something rather interesting by an officer of the German High Command, alluding to the fact that Hitler knew of this intent on war, but would nonetheless try to open it on his own terms:
‘The clash [Between Germany and the USA] is as inevitable as that of two planets hurtling inexorably through the heavens towards each other. As a matter of fact, it may come sooner than almost all Americans at home imagine. An officer of the High Command somewhat shocked me the other day while we were discussing the matter. He said: “You think Roosevelt can pick the moment most advantageous to America and Britain for coming into the war. Did you ever stop to think that Hitler, a master at timing, may choose the moment for war with America – a moment which he thinks will give him the advantage?”
‘I must admit I never did.'
1 December 1940; William L. Shirer, Berlin Diary: The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent 1934-1941 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1941), p. 592.
Hitler's decision didn't determine the United States' will to fight one way or another, it had already been decided. All he could do was try to determine the conflict at a time most beneficial to him. You seem to be under the illusion that Hitler could afford to do nothing, and that his enemies would simply not have opposed him had he not done so. This is folly, it was precisely they planned to oppose him that Hitler had to act and take risks to determine whether Germany had any freedom of movement in the future. The decision to act was not a mindless leap to catastrophe, but a risk which entailed furthering strategical grounds on which Germany could barter or win. There was no sense in doing nothing, which you presume to be the only option.
Regarding the USA, Ian Kershaw writes of why Roosevelt intended to wait to enter the war:
There were, however, good reasons to defer the moment of entry as long as possible. The longer America could remain out of the formal combat, the more advanced her military build-up and the mobilization of an arms economy would be. Moreover, a declaration of war would doubtless have resulted in domestic clamour to utilize the arms and equipment now being sent to Great Britain and the Soviet Union for the United States’ armed forces, leading to a weakening, not strengthening, of the resistance to Hitler on the European fighting front in the short term - perhaps with disastrous consequences. American shipping losses to preying U-boats in the Atlantic would, as an immediate consequence, probably have mounted sharply. There was also the real concern that a declaration of war against Germany would immediately bring Japan - Hitler’s ally under the Tripartite Pact - into the war. Having to fight in the Pacific would certainly complicate dealing with Hitler, which was consistently seen as the main event.
Ian Kershaw, Fateful Choices: Ten Decisions That Changed the World 1940-1941 (London: Allen Lane, 2007), p. 328.
That Hitler decided to formerly declare war on the USA was a no brainer, it was the only thing which made sense in terms of strategy, and was by no means as you seem to think, a "blunder" simply because it brought into the open another front of the war already being waged. Hitler you presume, held all the cards and could be the only one to determine victory or defeat. In your conclusions you ignore all the decisions taken by other powers and apply the only meaningful decisions to Hitler. This is a tremendous mistake. In reality Hitler had to contend with the decisions made by others which informed his position.
Kershaw admits that Roosevelt was waging an 'undeclared war' against Germany, providing materials to Britain and Russia:
His [Roosevelts] entire policy for more than a year had been directed at providing maximum help to Britain (and, more recently, the Soviet Union) as part of American defence, in the - diminishing - hope that the United States would be able to keep out of the direct fighting.
Ibid.
And
It seems as if Roosevelt had settled in autumn 1941 for as long a period as possible of partial, undeclared hostilities with Germany. Perhaps as justification for avoiding what Churchill had long been pressing for, the President told Lord Halifax that, in any case, ‘declarations of war were going out of fashion.
Ibid., p. 329.
The historians Hans-Joachim Neumann and Henrik Eberle write:
A further decision by Hitler that was to have a fateful impact on the course of the war also had nothing to do with an acute illness or his megalomania, as is often claimed,” namely the declaration of war on the United States of America on 11 December 1941. It is regarded » as a turning point in the war if for no other reason because of the fact that the military balance tilted clearly in favour of the Allies as a result. In fact, it was only a de facto recognition of a state of war that had existed between the two countries since summer 1941 following a series of incidents in the Atlantic. Germany merely anticipated the expected entry into the war by the USA on the side of Britain.*! For the Americans, the war against Britain in any case threatened the ' vital interests of the USA, prompting President Roosevelt to advocate active involvement. Consequently, he did nothing to de-escalate the situation in the Atlantic. As Kershaw describes it, the USA was already waging an undeclared war in summer and autumn 1941. According to the ‘Victory Program’ by the Roosevelt administration announced to the public in September 1941, it would be necessary to send millions of soldiers to Europe in order to destroy the Nazi regime. Hitler’s declaration of war merely determined the official beginning.*2
Hans-Joachim Neumann and Henrik Eberle, Was Hitler Ill?: A Final Diagnosis (Polity Press, 2013), p. 151.
Clearly Hitler was right to expect a conflagration at the expense of Germany from the major world powers. To pick to fight at the time he did was most opportune in terms of his likelihood of success. It was clear that the United States wasn't going to remain neutral in the event that Germany had to go to war, even on a limited scale. If she tried to obtain further concessions diplomatically which was bound to fail due to the increasing coalition stacked up against her, she was bound to run out of time with which to act. Hitler also judged this accurately, and so he went to war. This was the only logical move he could've made. He was right to do it. Kershaw writes that Roosevelt "gradually came to the conclusion that American involvement was both inevitable and necessary if Hitler were to be defeated." This could only mean there was never any real chance or hope of the United States not getting involved in war, Hitler couldn't afford to do nothing either during the war or prior. In both cases stagnation was death, he had to make a move no matter what. He was forced to do so in the summer of 1939 lest he run out of time, and he was in the same position in 1940 when he had to risk another war with Russia to fend off his enemies abroad. I cannot fault him for this.